public void go(){
throw new IOException();
}
The compiler says:
Dummy.java:15: unreported exception java.io.IOException;
must be caught or declared to be thrown
throw new IOException();
^
1 error
However, if you declare it to be thrown in the method declaration, like this:
public void go() throws IOException{
throw new IOException();
}
then it compiles successfully.
But is it possible to throw a checked exception WITHOUT declaring it to be thrown? You could wrap it in a RuntimeException (for example, new RuntimeException(new IOException()), but then you lose the ability to catch the checked exception in the caller method, because you have changed the type of the exception.
There is another trick you can use. I first noticed this being done in the JDK's java.lang.Class#newInstance0 method:
private T newInstance0()
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
{
...
// Run constructor
try {
return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
// Not reached
return null;
}
...
}
As shown above, the method throws an InvocationTargetException but only declares the exceptions InstantiationException and IllegalAccessException to be thrown! The Sun utility class sun.misc.Unsafe is being used to throw a checked exception without declaring it. We could use the same approach, but unfortunately our code throws a security exception when we try to use it: java.lang.SecurityException: Unsafe. However, we can bypass this by using reflection to get hold of the unsafe variable directly, as shown below:
public void go() {
getUnsafe().throwException(new IOException());
}
private Unsafe getUnsafe() {
try {
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
return (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
So, why did the JDK developers do it this way? I don't know, but I'm sure they had a good reason. Although this is a neat trick to impress your friends, I wouldn't recommend using it. This is non-standard, undocumented, Sun-specific code which could change in future releases and may not be compatible with all JVMs. It also makes code harder to understand for others and violates the POLA.
Further Reading:Avoiding Checked Exceptions [O'Reilly]
